I spent today dyeing cotton for quilting and other crafty projects. Lately my fabric coloring has involved PaInTiNg with fabric paints or Dyna Flows, but I got an itch to actually pull out the Procion MX Dyes and DYE fabric. My method (which I love by the way!) is a hodge podge of techniques and recipes from books (some listed below) and from my own experimentation. I am going to post my method, but keep in mind that I am not an eXpErT by any means... and my college years were the last time I sought repeatable, evenly dyed results. I am basically looking to PLAY with color.... and get the most mottled and textured looking fabric possible. Here's how I do it:

(half yard pieces of fabric in gallon sized ziploc bags)
Instructions:
1. Mix soda ash pre-soak in a 2 or 3 gallon bucket:
2 cups soda ash
2 gallons of warm water
Soak 5-6 yards of the PFD or pre-washed cotton fabric to be dyed in the above mixture (20-24 fat quarters or 10-12 half-yard pieces). Soak the fabric 30 minutes to overnight.
NOTE:
If you start soaking and can’t get to the actual dyeing, let the fabric line dry (do not use the dryer) and store it dry for dyeing later on.
2. Mix up dyes in small plastic containers as follows:
NOTE:
Once a container or utensil has been used for dyeing, do not use it for food!
For each color:
- Place the Procion MX dye powder in a 16-ounce plastic container.
- In another container, add 1 T Urea to 1 cup of warm water and mix.
- Slowly add urea water to dye powder, making a paste at first, and then gradually adding the remaining water until the paste becomes a liquid.
- Use the following measurements to start and, after experimenting, adjust dye powder amount to suit your needs:
Red: 1-teaspoon dye powder to 1 cup water and 1Tablespoon urea
Blue: 2-teaspoon dye powder to 1 cup water and 1Tablespoon urea
Yellow: 3-teaspoon dye powder to 1 cup water and 1Tablespoon urea
NOTE:
Always add water to powder, NOT powder to water, for easiest mixing.
Some colors mix easier than others. By making a paste first and adding water slowly, you will keep from getting dye “freckles” on your fabric that are a result of poorly mixed dyes.
Color mixing is it’s own art form, but I find that if I mix up containers of the three primaries, I can combine them in the next step to get the other colors I want fairly easily.
Dyes can be stored after they are mixed in the refrigerator for a few weeks, though they start losing potency after a week. Bring to room temperature before using.
PLACE TIGHTLY CLOSED CONTAINERS OF STORED DYES IN ZIPLOCK BAGS AND MARK CONTAINERS REALLY WELL… FOOD AND DYE SHOULD NOT CROSS PATHS!
3. Dye the fabric
Add some of the soda ash water that the fabric has been sitting in to a gallon sized Ziploc bag. A cup or two of water is a good place to start for a fat quarter or half yard of fabric. Less water makes for a more mottled look; more water makes for a less mottled look. It just depends on what result you’re after. If you run out of soda ash water, just use warm tap water.
Add tablespoonfuls of dye mixture from your plastic containers into the Ziploc bag. I generally add 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls to a bag…. Some bags get all one color; some bags get a mix (3 yellow and 1 blue for a green color, for instance). By using a separate spoon in each cup of dye, I keep the cups of colors from becoming contaminated with each other.
Adjust dye amounts to suit your desired outcome (more dye = more saturated color).
Take a fat quarter or half yard of fabric out of your soda ash water and add it to the baggie with the water and dye solution.
Remove as much air as possible from the bag before sealing it. Once sealed, smooch the fabric around in the bag to mix the dye into the fabric.
I am usually looking for uneven, mottled results, so I don’t use a lot of water, and I tend to scrunch up my fabric in the bag. Putting extra fabric into the bag makes for even MORE mottled coloring. The less room the fabric has to move around, the more markings.
NOTE:
Low immersion dyeing results in mottled colors. If you want EVEN dye results, this is not the technique for you! Try tub dyeing instead.
With a black sharpie marker, I write my dye measurements on my Ziploc bag. For instance, I would write “3 Y/1B” on a bag that contains 3 spoonfuls of yellow and 1 spoonful of blue. This way, if I get a color I love, I can repeat it to get similar outcomes. I also note on the bag if I varied any of my other constants (more water, more fabric, etc).
Leave these bags to sit for at least 3 hours and preferably 24 hours to “cure”. Curing is when the dye molecules BOND to the fabric. I’ve read that turquoise needs a full 24 hours. More time usually results in deeper colors.
Once your fabric has “cured”, rinse it thoroughly under warm water. Use Synthrapol to wash the fabric after you’ve rinsed it to ensure that all of the loose dye is OUT. If color is still coming out of the fabric, keep rinsing and re-wash in Synthrapol! 2 to 3 teaspoons of Synthrapol will wash 5-6 yards of fabric.
Iron your colorful dyed fabric and GeT sTiTcHiNg!!
